Søren Aabye Kierkegaard (/ˈsɒrən ˈkɪərkəɡɑːrd/ SORR-ən KEER-kə-gard, US also /-ɡɔːr/ -gor; Danish: [ˈsɶːɐn ˈɔˀˌpyˀ ˈkʰiɐ̯kəˌkɒːˀ] ⓘ;[1] 5 May 1813 – 11 November 1855[2]) was a Danish theologian, philosopher, poet, social critic, and religious author who is widely considered to be the first existentialist philosopher.[3] He wrote critical texts on organized religion, Christianity, morality, ethics, psychology, love, and the philosophy of religion, displaying a fondness for metaphor, irony, and parables. Much of his philosophical work deals with the issues of how one lives as a “single individual”,[4] highlighting the importance of authenticity, personal choice and commitment, and the duty to love. Kierkegaard prioritized concrete human reality over abstract thinking.
Kierkegaard’s theological work focuses on Socratic Christian ethics, the institution of the Church, the differences among purely objective proofs of Christianity, the infinite qualitative distinction between man and God, and the individual’s subjective relationship to the God-Man Jesus Christ,[5] which came through faith.[6][7] Much of his work deals with Christian love. He was extremely critical of the doctrine and practice of Christianity as a state-controlled religion (Caesaropapism) like the Church of Denmark. His psychological work explored the emotions and feelings of individuals when faced with life choices.[8]
Christian existentialism is a philosophical and theological perspective that employs an existentialist framework to explore aspects of Christian theology. This intellectual tradition is commonly associated with the influential Danish philosopher and theologian Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855), who is broadly recognised as a fundamental figure in the development of existentialist thought.
Unlike Jean-Paul Sartre and the atheistic existentialism paradigm, Kierkegaard focused on Christian existentialism.
Gabriel Honoré Marcel[a] (7 December 1889 – 8 October 1973) was a French philosopher, playwright, music critic and leading Christian existentialist. The author of over a dozen books and at least thirty plays, Marcel’s work focused on the modern individual’s struggle in a technologically dehumanizing society. Though often regarded as the first French existentialist, he dissociated himself from figures such as Jean-Paul Sartre, preferring the term philosophy of existence or neo-Socrateanism to define his own thought. The Mystery of Being is a well-known two-volume work authored by Marcel.
Homo Viator (Latin : “traveling man”, “man passing through the earth” or “pilgrim”) is an ancient literary mode of pagan and Christian literature, which one Viewed life from birth to death as a dangerous and eventful journey of learning that ended in maturity in self-knowledge or, wisdom, in the Christian case, in forgiveness and otherworldly Glory
MEDIEVAL MAN
AS “HOMO VIATOR”:
PILGRIMS AND TRAVELERS
José Ángel García de Cortazar University of Cantabria
José Ángel García de Cortázar is a notable Spanish medieval historian, known for his extensive work on Spain’s medieval period, rural history, and cultural heritage, holding positions at several Spanish universities and publishing numerous influential books like Historia de España. He is distinct from the Mexican actor of the same name (father of Gael García Bernal) and the telenovela actor José Ángel Llamas, being recognized primarily in academic and historical circles for his contributions to medieval studies
José Ángel García de Cortázar y Ruiz de Aguirre (Bilbaoborn 23 June 1939) is a historiadorSpanish historian; a medievalist specializing in the history of the High Middle Ages. He is Professor emeritus of Medieval History at the University of Cantabria. 1] He is the brother of the also historian Fernando García de Cortázar.
Academic biography
Born in Bilbao on June 23, 1939 He graduated in History at the University of Valladolid, where he obtained the degree of doctor -with the thesis on the Monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla -, and was assistant professor of Medieval History. He was also a professor at the University of Salamanca and the University of Santiago de Compostela, where he won the chair. Since 1978 he is at the University of Cantabria as a professor of medieval history. Focused on the investigation of the High Middle Ages, 5th to the 10th century, and specifically the transit from the Roman Empire and the Carolingian Empire to the construction of the kingdoms of the Middle Ages. He has studied in depth feudalism and medieval society with special attention to the structures of power, rural history and the organization and social relations especially of the territory demarcated by the Cantabrian Sea and the Douro River.